EU Reading (Notes)

In the wake of that destructive war two goals emerged: to rebuild the nation's shattered economies and to prevent new conflict. Some people believed the best way to achieve both goals was to unify Europe.

Steps Toward Unity
The first step towards unification was an industrial alliance. France, Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries signed a treaty that gave control of their coal and steel resources to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
The next step came in 1957 with the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC), also called the Common Market. This alliance removed trade barriers, set common economic goals, and allowed people to live and work in any member country. Trade quadrupled between 1958 and 1968 (EEC).
EEC merged with the ECSC and became EC (European Community). In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty took effect, and the EU replaced the EC. EU included 27 member nations.

Issues Facing the EU Today
In 50 years, the EU has increased from 6 nations to 27. In time it will extend to 30 countries that presently have almost 560 million people.

Growing Pains
Many of the Eastern European nations that joined the EU had a Communist past; less experience with democracy. Such differences may create friction among the EU members. Some Europeans fear rising tensions if Turkey joins the EU. Turkey is Muslim nation, while other countries are Christian. Turkey also has a record of human rights abuses and of conflict with Greece.

Economics and Politics
The Maastricht Treaty set the goal of replacing national currencies with a single currency. Some Europeans had reservations about the euro. They feared losing control of economic factors, such as the ability of each country to set its own interest rates. Denmark and the U.K chose not to adopt the euro.
In 2002, work began on a new constitution. The changes created fears that the EU would become "super-nation" and replace individual nations. Netherlands and France rejected the constitution. EU leaders wrote the Lisbon Treaty to replace the failed constitution. The Lisbon Treaty contained many changes proposed for the constitution.

Main Ideas pg. 316

1. What legacy did ancient Athens leave for modern governments?
The ability to become a democracy or independent.

2. What effect did the empires of Spain and Portugal have on the rest of the world?
Both Spain and Portugal established colonies in the Americas and elsewhere. Their empires spread Catholicism and the Spanish and Portuguese languages throughout the world.

3. Why does Spain have a conflict with the Basque people?
Spain has had an ongoing conflict with the Basque people. Spain granted the Basque region self-rule, but some Basques want complete independence and have used violence to fight for it.

4. How did the Reformation create new cultural divisions?
In the Reformation period many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches. Mutual hostility led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.

5. How did nationalism lead to conflicts?
Nationalism often causes groups to want their own countries, so it contributed to the rise of modern nation states.

6. For what artistic legacy are Germany and Austria famous?
Germany and Austria are famous for their artistic legacy of music.

7. Who were the Vikings, and what did they do?
Vikings were Norsemen that sailed long ships to coastal towns and conducted hit-and-run raids.

8. What geographic advantages helped Great Britain build its empires?
Great Britain's status as an island helped protect it. The British people had much experience as sailors. This helped them to build a strong navy and to develop overseas trade.

9. Why did independent nation-states develop later in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe?
Eastern Europeans needed to overcome old hatreds and work together. They also needed to accept democratic ideas such as the rule of law-which means that government officials must obey the law.

10. What problems existed in the Eastern European economy under Communist rule?
Government officials didn't have to follow the law. Noble men had more rights than a non-noblemen.

Review Questions for Chapter 13 Section 3

Review Question - possible quiz questions

1) Where did the industrial Revolution begin and to where did it spread?
Began in the 1800s, spread from Britain to other countries, especially Belgium, France, Germany, and the US.

2) What are some characteristics of governments in Northern Europe?
Representative Government. Plarliament is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed. Over the centuries, English rulers lost power to the English Parliament, so a more representative government evolved.

3) How did conquest influence the languages spoken in Northern Europe?
France speaks French, Germany speaks Germanic, and

4) How did the industrial Revolution spur the growth of the British Empire?
Deposits of ore and coal helped Britain to be the first nation to industrialize; the growth of industry motivated Britain's empire building.

5) How did the Reformation affect Northern Europe?
The Reformation, which began in nearby Germany in the late 1500s, swept through Northern Europe; people speaking different languages in different places.

6) Who are some important writers from Northern Europe?
Henrik Isben is the king of modern drama.

7) What Northern European country did not join the EU?  Why?
Norway, because they were very popular; getting a lot of tourism and exports and inports, they felt if they joined the EU it would hurt their economy.

8) What was the Magna Carta?  Why is it important? 
A treaty that was forced signed from the king stating that noble men get more rights and hold absolute power. It's important because it sparked the start of human rights.

9) What are the countries of Northern Europe? 
Iceland, Denamrk, Norway, Sewden, Finland, Estonia, Lativa, Lithuania, U.K., and Ireland.

Review Questions

1) What did you learn about EU countries in this section?
That France and Germany were the leaders that started establishing movement towards an EU.

2) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
Language and religion shaped Western Europe giving it a distinct identity. Germany and Austria are famous for music. France and the Netherlands have had many important painters.

3) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
Charlemagne, Napoleon, and Adolf Hitler.

4) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
Western Europe has been rich in agriculture, and in the 1800s, it was one of the first regions to industrialize. The region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.

5) What was the Reformation?
A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.

6) What was the Holocaust?
A program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities.

7) What was the Berlin Wall?
Berlin Wall that was a wall located in East Germany divided cut by two by the wall.

8) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europe?
Cities are interesting and pleasant places to live. Cities also have lower crime rate or no crime rate at all. Europeans receive more paid vacation time then the U.S. Europeans live in smaller homes than Americans do.

Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
1) Europeans live in smaller homes, because of law
2) Europeans received more paid vacation time than Americans.
3) France and Germany were leaders in the movement toward establishing the EU.

One question: How does the economic strength of a nation affect its willingness to welcome immigrants?

Chapter 13 Section 2 Western Europe Outline

WESTERN EUROPE

I. A History of Cultural Divisions

France and Germany are the dominant countries of Western Europe (largest, have best access to resources, ports and trade routes). Other countries include Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Monaco.

                       A. Rome to Charlemagne
                            a. Roman Empire had conquered the Celtic tribes in France by 50 B.C.E.
                            b. French is one of the Romance languages evolved from Latin
                            c. In the late 700s Charlemagne, a Germanic king, conquered most of the region
                            d. his empire fell apart after his death

                     B. The Reformation
                          a. The Reformation was a religious movement during the Renaissance when people                               questioned the church.
                          b. Martin Luther published the 95 statements, 1517, that criticized the practices.
                          c. Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
                          d. Hosillty between the two led to religious wars that tore Europe apart.
                          e. France is primality Catholic and Germany is primality Protestant.
       
II. The Rise of Nation-States

Between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, a period known as the Middle Ages, Europeans developed the nation-states, an independent group of people with a common culture.

                        C. Nationalism
                             a. Fedualism gradually developed in Europe
                             b. Land was given to nobles in exchange for military service by those nobles.
                             c. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation.
                             d. Nationalism often caused groups to want their own countries
                             e. Industrialism caused European nations to set up colonies in other lands in order to                                    gain raw materials and markets.

                       D. Modern Conflicts
                            a. the nationalistic rivalry and competition for colonies among European nations                                         helped cause WWI.
                            b. The Allied Powers won and imposed harsh terms on Germany; resentment over                                      those terms helped cause WWII.
                            c. Nazis carried out the Holocaust a mass murder of European Jews
                            d. 1989, anti-communist reforms swept Europe, and in response to protests, East                                         Germany opened the Berlin Wall.
                            e. France and Germany were leaders in the movement of establishing the EU.

III. Economics: Diversity and Luxury

Region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.

                       E. Agriculture to High-tech
                            a. Dairy farming and livestock provide most of the agricultural income in Belgium,                                     France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
                            b. These countries produce and export dairy products; France is the largest producer                                    of agricultural products in Western Europe.
                            c.  Western Europe was a leader in developing industry because it was rich in coal                                          and iron ore.
                            d. Switzerland is considered the safest place to put your money, because Switzerland                                  does not fight in wars.

                       F. Tourism and Luxury
                            a. Western Europe is poplar with Tourism
                            b. France is famous for its high-fashion clothing and gourmet food.
                            c. The Netherlands exports high-quality flower bulbs, such as colorful tulips.

IV. Great Music and Art

                       G. Music
                            a. Germany and Austria are famous for music.
                            b. Bach wrote music for church services; was German
                            c. Beethoven wrote music even after going deaf.
                     
                        H. Painting
                             a. Jan Van Eyck was a painter from Flanders, who perfected techniques for using oil                                  paintings.

 V. Modern Life

                       I. City Life
                          a. pleasant city; no crime; or lower crime
                          b. Europeans receive more vacation time than Americans.

                      J. Recent Conflicts
                          a. immigration a source of conflict.
                          b. Joerg Haider made controversial remarks that defended former Nazis and that i                                       immigrants found insulting.

Summary:  Western Europe has been going through a lot of recent and modern conflicts concerning Nazis

And immigrants. Nationalism was born in Western Europe along with feudalism. Reformation happened

it was when Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants. France and Germany

were the leaders in establishing the EU. Holocaust was the mass murder of European Jews. Agriculture

and high-tech produce helped the region and grew throughout the years. Music and painting are famous in

Western Europe and most famous people have been there or started there. European cities are pleasant

and there is either no crime rate or lower crime rate than the U.S.

Chapter 12 Review Questions Main Ideas

1. How do the mountain ranges of Europe impact the lives of the people who live near them?
The mountains are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make it diffcult for people and for trade. These landforms also affect climate.

2. Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its geography?
Europe has a network of rivers that bring people and goods together. These rivers used to transport goods between coastal harbors and inland region, aiding economic growth.

3. Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Oil and natural gas are found beneath the North Sea floor. Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark pump oil from rigs as far as 400 miles out in the ocean.

4. How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe? Explain which part of Europe is most affected?  The prevailing westerlies, which blow west to east, pick up warmth from the North Atlantic Drift and carry it over Europe.

5. In which climate area of Europe would you find citrus fruits growing? Explain why.
Sunny Mediterranean climate in Europe; you will find fruits growing, because of the rainfall that occurs there along with wind and perfect sunshine.

6. What types of vegetation are found in the northernmost region of the Scandinavian Peninsula? Mixed forests and farmland can be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula.

7. Why did the Dutch build seaworks?
The seaworks are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life. These seaworks include dikes and high earthen plaforms called terpen. The dikes hole back the sea, while the terpen provide places to go for safety during floods and high tides.

8. In what ways have the people of the Netherlands changed the physical geography of their land? A broad waterway called the Grand Canal flows between San Marco and Rialto. Since people started building in the Nertherlands, most of their islands are starting to sink due to construction.

9. What kinds of pollutants are found in the Venice canals?
Severe water pollution threatens Venice along with industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater are combining to eat away the foundations of buildings and damage the buildings themselves. Erosion has allowed increased amounts of seawater into the lagoon. Floods have occured because of this.

10. Why were forests chopped down in Europe? The chopped forests are being used to help burn fossil fuels and help with industrailion for the country.

Bordeaux, France

1) Discuss it's location, place, region.
Bordeaux is located 44° 50' N, 0° 34' W.
It can be found France which is located in Europe.

2) Human-Environment interaction.
France has forest damage caused by acid rain and comes in form of precipitation, and it contains dissolved sulfuric and nitric acids. Many of these acids come from burning fossil fuels, such as coal in power plants. France has the most nuclear power plants in the world. Next, there is a lot of pollution from cars and other industrial plants. These types of things may be causing global warning and France is helping contribute. 33% of land in Bordeaux, France is farmland 27% is unchanged forest and woodlands.



3) Find two photos of it.

4) Find one map that shows where it is located.

5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
1) The old city used to be called "sleeping beauty" because pollution turned all the walls black.
2) Many of the museums in Bordeaux display artifacts from WWII
3) Male inhabitants are called Bordelais and female inhabitants are called Bordelaise


Cited Resources:
www.udrive.com.au
www.digitalshowcase.dpsk12.org
www.worldatlas.com

Review Questions for Chapter 12 section 1

1) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula of peninsulas"?
Europe is a large peninsula stretching to the west if Asia; Europe itself has many smaller peninsulas, so it is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas".

2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic?  In the Mediterranean Sea?
Scandinavian and Jutland peninsulas are located in the North Atlantic; Italian and Balkan peninsulas are located in the Mediterranean Sea.

3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
Mountains and uplands are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make trade of goods and ideas rather difficult. There landforms also affect climate.

4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
The Alps are across France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the northern Balkan Peninsula.

5) The Pyrenees are located where?
The Pyrenees are located near France, Spain, and Portugal.

6) Where does the Danube flow?
The Danube flows through the heart of Europe from west to east, touching 9 countries and links Europeans to the Black Sea.

7) How are rivers used in Europe?
The rivers are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland region, aiding economic growth.

8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The most important plain in Europe is the Northern European Plain.

9) Why is it important?
It's one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world. Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable agricultural land that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries.

10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
An advantage of landforms is agricultural and a disadvantage of these landforms are an easy advantage for invaders to allow armies to invade Europe.

11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Europe has took their resources of oil and natural gas became a major source of petroleum for the world.

On the blank map that I will give you locate the following:

1) The Black Sea
2) The Mediterranean Sea
3) The Danube River
4) The Rhine
5) The Alps
6) The Pyrenees
7) The Northern European Plains

Review Questions for the FINAL!

1) Know the five themes of Geography and give examples

Location, Human-Interactions, Movement, Place, and Region.

2) Name three types of maps and give examples of each

Physical, Political, and Thematic maps.

Types of Landforms, location of earth's surface, and resources.

3) What is the difference between longitude and latitude

Longitude is the lines going from north to south, and latitude is the lines going from east to west.

4) What is the prime meridian; what is the equator

The prime meridian and the equator are located in the middle of the earth, going around. They are the lines showing where everything is equal in temp, and climate.

5) What are three types of thematic maps

Qualitative, cartograms, and flow-line maps.

6) How are small-scale maps different than large-scale maps

Small-scale maps show an area in greater detail whereas large-scale maps show an area in not so much detail.

7) Describe the hydrologic cycle

The hydrologic cycle is the continous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth. 

8) What causes earthquakes?

Ring of fire, or the plates under the earth's surface colliding or sliding past each other.

9) What is the continental drift theory?

That all the continents were once all together called Panega, until they broke apart and created is now earth.

10) What is El Nino?

El Nino is a natural change in the climate is cause by the warming of the waters off the west coast of South America.

11) What are the major factors that cause weather?

Water vapor, cloud cover, landforms and bodies of water, elevation, and air movement.

12) What might be some causes of global warming?

The burning of fossil fuels and the deforestation of forests cause carbon to air borne into the atmosphere causing global warming.

13) What are the five basic climate regions?

Tropical, semiarid, desert, mediterranean, marine west coast, subarctic, tundra, and highlands.

14) How do ocean currents affect climate?

Ocean currents are like rivers flowing in the ocean. Moving in large circular systems, warm waters flow away from the equator toward the poles, and cold water flows back toward the equator.

15) What are four factors that influence climate?

Wind currents, ocean currents, zones of latitude, elevation, and topography.

16) What is the greenhouse effect?

The theory of global warning; trapping too much carbon into the atmosphere, that the earth can hold all of it.

17) How many languages exist in the world?

3,000 to 6,500 languages spoken in the world.

18) List four types of governments?

Democracy, Monarchy, Dictatorship, Communism.

19) Where does the majority of the world's population live?

Majority of the world's population live in Tokyo. (East)

20) What is a the world's population?

7.5 billion

21) What are some of the world's major religions?

Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

22) List at least five things that make up culture.

Culture, language, race, government, and agriculture.

23) What is the Continental Divide?

Continents diving from Panega.

24) What are the most abundant natural resources in the United States and Canada?

Minerals, such as copper and iron, and timber.

25) Which climates are found in the United States but not in Canada?

Desert, tropical, are some climates found in the U.S., but not in Canada.

26) How did settles of the United States and Canada overcome the distances across the continent? Canada is connected to Michigan which can make traveling a lot more easier for going to other states.

27) How did the United States become a world power?

The U.S. is abundant in resources, more people moving to the U.S., and the leading world power in government.

28) What was the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of rare findings between the European and Natives.

29) What is representative democracy?

Democracy that has the people rule through whomever they vote to represent them.

30) Where do the majority of Americans live?

Majority of Americans live in cities.

31) What are some original music styles?  What are some influence U.S. art forms?

Jazz. Native Americans, African Americans, and other races/religions.

32) List the four subregions of the United States.

The North, the West, the South, and the Mid-East.

33) How did the French and Indian War change America?

34) How is Canada's federal government different from the federal government of the United States?

Canada has a prime minster and the U.S. has the president to represent them.

35) Where do most of Canadians live?

Along the border of the U.S.

36) What is Canada's work force like?  Within what industry sector do most Canadians work?

Canadians mostly work in manufacturing goods.

37) What is life like in Canada today?

Canadians love sports, outdoor hobbies, and are overall friendly people.

38)  What are the subregions of Canada?

The Altanic, Core, and Piarie Provinces.

39) What is Canada's largest export product?

Timer along with some minerals.

40) Which two languages and religions dominate Canadian culture?

French and English along with Christianity and Catholic. 

41) Why are the Prairie Provinces so important to the Canadian economy?

The Prairie Provinces hold the most land for raising cattle and farm lands.

42) How has geography affected settlement in Latin America?

Due to mountains or rough terrain some land area in Latin America are considered unusable.
(Along with deforestation)

43) What are the three major river systems in South America?

Amazon River, Orinoco River, and Parana River.

44) Why are three types of resources found in Latin America?

Timber, oil, and minerals. (goods, such as fruits)

45) What two countries does the Orinoco River drain?

Venezuela and Columbia.

46) What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in Central and South America?

Advantages of tourism are more money to improve economic growth, disadvantage is an huge gap between rich and poor.

47) What is the history of Mexico?

No one wanting a democracy government until late 1900s.

48) What two major cultures blend in Central America?

African and Native American.

49) What islands make up the Caribbean Islands?

The Greater and Lesser Atiles, Bahamas, and Jamaica.

50) What are the three reasons for poverty in Central America?

No jobs, companies buying land, and slums.

51) What forms of music have evolved in the Caribbean?

Regga and Claypso

52) What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

53) What crop did settlers first grow in Brazil and what effect did if have on the makeup of the population?

Sugarcane. Air pollution along with land being lost to grow sugar cane.

54) How do Brazil's rivers contribute to its wealth?

Rivers make transportion a lot more easier.

55) What is Brazil national language?

Portuguese

56) Where does Brazil rank in its economic power in the world?

5th rank in economic power in the world.

57) Why is the biodiversity of the rain forest important?

The rain forest holds plants that account for 121 of our drugs, and holds 80% of the world's diet.

58) Why is the rain forest an important global resource?

The rain forest holds 3000 fruits and more than 3000 spieces.

59) What is the largest city in Central America, South America, and the world?
Mexico City

60) Who were the Inca?

Native Americans that crossed the land bride connecting from Alaska to Siberia.

61) Why is the Panama Canal important?  How did it come into existence?

Panama Canal makes transportion easier and it became into existence by U.S. winning the independence war for Brazil.

62) What is the dominant vegetation in the amazon?

trees, shurbs, grasslands, forests, etc.

63) In a short essay (3/4 - 1 page long), discuss how you would balance competing demands on rain forest resources.
I would only take what we really need and not take more than we need; allowing the rain forest to have time to grow and reproduce more fruits. Before we run out of all the resources in the world and turn to the 3rd world, or just start artificially making our food and extinct most of the world's nature resources. I will not allow any company to buy off a rain forest for needs such as cutting trees or harvesting goods we have more than enough of. I will only allow companies that protect these forests to buy them off and make sure we aren't treating the forests with poor care. The world has developed so much that we are losing everything that we use to think of every day things. For example, trees, they are always there and we are use to seeing them there, but once they are all gone we will die and there will be no trees in sight.

What you need to know:

Maps - Fifty States, Provinces and Territories of Canada, Countries of Central and South America.

Physical Features - Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Mount Denali or Mckinley, Mckenzie River, Ohio River

South America - Amazon Rain Forest, Panama Canal, Andres Mountains, Orinoco River, Amazon River, Parana River, Pampas