Chapter 13 Section 2 Western Europe Outline

WESTERN EUROPE

I. A History of Cultural Divisions

France and Germany are the dominant countries of Western Europe (largest, have best access to resources, ports and trade routes). Other countries include Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Monaco.

                       A. Rome to Charlemagne
                            a. Roman Empire had conquered the Celtic tribes in France by 50 B.C.E.
                            b. French is one of the Romance languages evolved from Latin
                            c. In the late 700s Charlemagne, a Germanic king, conquered most of the region
                            d. his empire fell apart after his death

                     B. The Reformation
                          a. The Reformation was a religious movement during the Renaissance when people                               questioned the church.
                          b. Martin Luther published the 95 statements, 1517, that criticized the practices.
                          c. Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
                          d. Hosillty between the two led to religious wars that tore Europe apart.
                          e. France is primality Catholic and Germany is primality Protestant.
       
II. The Rise of Nation-States

Between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, a period known as the Middle Ages, Europeans developed the nation-states, an independent group of people with a common culture.

                        C. Nationalism
                             a. Fedualism gradually developed in Europe
                             b. Land was given to nobles in exchange for military service by those nobles.
                             c. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation.
                             d. Nationalism often caused groups to want their own countries
                             e. Industrialism caused European nations to set up colonies in other lands in order to                                    gain raw materials and markets.

                       D. Modern Conflicts
                            a. the nationalistic rivalry and competition for colonies among European nations                                         helped cause WWI.
                            b. The Allied Powers won and imposed harsh terms on Germany; resentment over                                      those terms helped cause WWII.
                            c. Nazis carried out the Holocaust a mass murder of European Jews
                            d. 1989, anti-communist reforms swept Europe, and in response to protests, East                                         Germany opened the Berlin Wall.
                            e. France and Germany were leaders in the movement of establishing the EU.

III. Economics: Diversity and Luxury

Region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.

                       E. Agriculture to High-tech
                            a. Dairy farming and livestock provide most of the agricultural income in Belgium,                                     France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
                            b. These countries produce and export dairy products; France is the largest producer                                    of agricultural products in Western Europe.
                            c.  Western Europe was a leader in developing industry because it was rich in coal                                          and iron ore.
                            d. Switzerland is considered the safest place to put your money, because Switzerland                                  does not fight in wars.

                       F. Tourism and Luxury
                            a. Western Europe is poplar with Tourism
                            b. France is famous for its high-fashion clothing and gourmet food.
                            c. The Netherlands exports high-quality flower bulbs, such as colorful tulips.

IV. Great Music and Art

                       G. Music
                            a. Germany and Austria are famous for music.
                            b. Bach wrote music for church services; was German
                            c. Beethoven wrote music even after going deaf.
                     
                        H. Painting
                             a. Jan Van Eyck was a painter from Flanders, who perfected techniques for using oil                                  paintings.

 V. Modern Life

                       I. City Life
                          a. pleasant city; no crime; or lower crime
                          b. Europeans receive more vacation time than Americans.

                      J. Recent Conflicts
                          a. immigration a source of conflict.
                          b. Joerg Haider made controversial remarks that defended former Nazis and that i                                       immigrants found insulting.

Summary:  Western Europe has been going through a lot of recent and modern conflicts concerning Nazis

And immigrants. Nationalism was born in Western Europe along with feudalism. Reformation happened

it was when Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants. France and Germany

were the leaders in establishing the EU. Holocaust was the mass murder of European Jews. Agriculture

and high-tech produce helped the region and grew throughout the years. Music and painting are famous in

Western Europe and most famous people have been there or started there. European cities are pleasant

and there is either no crime rate or lower crime rate than the U.S.