Review Questions

1) What did you learn about EU countries in this section?
That France and Germany were the leaders that started establishing movement towards an EU.

2) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
Language and religion shaped Western Europe giving it a distinct identity. Germany and Austria are famous for music. France and the Netherlands have had many important painters.

3) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
Charlemagne, Napoleon, and Adolf Hitler.

4) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
Western Europe has been rich in agriculture, and in the 1800s, it was one of the first regions to industrialize. The region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.

5) What was the Reformation?
A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.

6) What was the Holocaust?
A program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities.

7) What was the Berlin Wall?
Berlin Wall that was a wall located in East Germany divided cut by two by the wall.

8) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europe?
Cities are interesting and pleasant places to live. Cities also have lower crime rate or no crime rate at all. Europeans receive more paid vacation time then the U.S. Europeans live in smaller homes than Americans do.

Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
1) Europeans live in smaller homes, because of law
2) Europeans received more paid vacation time than Americans.
3) France and Germany were leaders in the movement toward establishing the EU.

One question: How does the economic strength of a nation affect its willingness to welcome immigrants?

Chapter 13 Section 2 Western Europe Outline

WESTERN EUROPE

I. A History of Cultural Divisions

France and Germany are the dominant countries of Western Europe (largest, have best access to resources, ports and trade routes). Other countries include Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Monaco.

                       A. Rome to Charlemagne
                            a. Roman Empire had conquered the Celtic tribes in France by 50 B.C.E.
                            b. French is one of the Romance languages evolved from Latin
                            c. In the late 700s Charlemagne, a Germanic king, conquered most of the region
                            d. his empire fell apart after his death

                     B. The Reformation
                          a. The Reformation was a religious movement during the Renaissance when people                               questioned the church.
                          b. Martin Luther published the 95 statements, 1517, that criticized the practices.
                          c. Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
                          d. Hosillty between the two led to religious wars that tore Europe apart.
                          e. France is primality Catholic and Germany is primality Protestant.
       
II. The Rise of Nation-States

Between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, a period known as the Middle Ages, Europeans developed the nation-states, an independent group of people with a common culture.

                        C. Nationalism
                             a. Fedualism gradually developed in Europe
                             b. Land was given to nobles in exchange for military service by those nobles.
                             c. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation.
                             d. Nationalism often caused groups to want their own countries
                             e. Industrialism caused European nations to set up colonies in other lands in order to                                    gain raw materials and markets.

                       D. Modern Conflicts
                            a. the nationalistic rivalry and competition for colonies among European nations                                         helped cause WWI.
                            b. The Allied Powers won and imposed harsh terms on Germany; resentment over                                      those terms helped cause WWII.
                            c. Nazis carried out the Holocaust a mass murder of European Jews
                            d. 1989, anti-communist reforms swept Europe, and in response to protests, East                                         Germany opened the Berlin Wall.
                            e. France and Germany were leaders in the movement of establishing the EU.

III. Economics: Diversity and Luxury

Region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.

                       E. Agriculture to High-tech
                            a. Dairy farming and livestock provide most of the agricultural income in Belgium,                                     France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
                            b. These countries produce and export dairy products; France is the largest producer                                    of agricultural products in Western Europe.
                            c.  Western Europe was a leader in developing industry because it was rich in coal                                          and iron ore.
                            d. Switzerland is considered the safest place to put your money, because Switzerland                                  does not fight in wars.

                       F. Tourism and Luxury
                            a. Western Europe is poplar with Tourism
                            b. France is famous for its high-fashion clothing and gourmet food.
                            c. The Netherlands exports high-quality flower bulbs, such as colorful tulips.

IV. Great Music and Art

                       G. Music
                            a. Germany and Austria are famous for music.
                            b. Bach wrote music for church services; was German
                            c. Beethoven wrote music even after going deaf.
                     
                        H. Painting
                             a. Jan Van Eyck was a painter from Flanders, who perfected techniques for using oil                                  paintings.

 V. Modern Life

                       I. City Life
                          a. pleasant city; no crime; or lower crime
                          b. Europeans receive more vacation time than Americans.

                      J. Recent Conflicts
                          a. immigration a source of conflict.
                          b. Joerg Haider made controversial remarks that defended former Nazis and that i                                       immigrants found insulting.

Summary:  Western Europe has been going through a lot of recent and modern conflicts concerning Nazis

And immigrants. Nationalism was born in Western Europe along with feudalism. Reformation happened

it was when Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants. France and Germany

were the leaders in establishing the EU. Holocaust was the mass murder of European Jews. Agriculture

and high-tech produce helped the region and grew throughout the years. Music and painting are famous in

Western Europe and most famous people have been there or started there. European cities are pleasant

and there is either no crime rate or lower crime rate than the U.S.

Chapter 12 Review Questions Main Ideas

1. How do the mountain ranges of Europe impact the lives of the people who live near them?
The mountains are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make it diffcult for people and for trade. These landforms also affect climate.

2. Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its geography?
Europe has a network of rivers that bring people and goods together. These rivers used to transport goods between coastal harbors and inland region, aiding economic growth.

3. Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Oil and natural gas are found beneath the North Sea floor. Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark pump oil from rigs as far as 400 miles out in the ocean.

4. How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe? Explain which part of Europe is most affected?  The prevailing westerlies, which blow west to east, pick up warmth from the North Atlantic Drift and carry it over Europe.

5. In which climate area of Europe would you find citrus fruits growing? Explain why.
Sunny Mediterranean climate in Europe; you will find fruits growing, because of the rainfall that occurs there along with wind and perfect sunshine.

6. What types of vegetation are found in the northernmost region of the Scandinavian Peninsula? Mixed forests and farmland can be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula.

7. Why did the Dutch build seaworks?
The seaworks are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life. These seaworks include dikes and high earthen plaforms called terpen. The dikes hole back the sea, while the terpen provide places to go for safety during floods and high tides.

8. In what ways have the people of the Netherlands changed the physical geography of their land? A broad waterway called the Grand Canal flows between San Marco and Rialto. Since people started building in the Nertherlands, most of their islands are starting to sink due to construction.

9. What kinds of pollutants are found in the Venice canals?
Severe water pollution threatens Venice along with industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater are combining to eat away the foundations of buildings and damage the buildings themselves. Erosion has allowed increased amounts of seawater into the lagoon. Floods have occured because of this.

10. Why were forests chopped down in Europe? The chopped forests are being used to help burn fossil fuels and help with industrailion for the country.

Bordeaux, France

1) Discuss it's location, place, region.
Bordeaux is located 44° 50' N, 0° 34' W.
It can be found France which is located in Europe.

2) Human-Environment interaction.
France has forest damage caused by acid rain and comes in form of precipitation, and it contains dissolved sulfuric and nitric acids. Many of these acids come from burning fossil fuels, such as coal in power plants. France has the most nuclear power plants in the world. Next, there is a lot of pollution from cars and other industrial plants. These types of things may be causing global warning and France is helping contribute. 33% of land in Bordeaux, France is farmland 27% is unchanged forest and woodlands.



3) Find two photos of it.

4) Find one map that shows where it is located.

5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
1) The old city used to be called "sleeping beauty" because pollution turned all the walls black.
2) Many of the museums in Bordeaux display artifacts from WWII
3) Male inhabitants are called Bordelais and female inhabitants are called Bordelaise


Cited Resources:
www.udrive.com.au
www.digitalshowcase.dpsk12.org
www.worldatlas.com

Review Questions for Chapter 12 section 1

1) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula of peninsulas"?
Europe is a large peninsula stretching to the west if Asia; Europe itself has many smaller peninsulas, so it is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas".

2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic?  In the Mediterranean Sea?
Scandinavian and Jutland peninsulas are located in the North Atlantic; Italian and Balkan peninsulas are located in the Mediterranean Sea.

3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
Mountains and uplands are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make trade of goods and ideas rather difficult. There landforms also affect climate.

4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
The Alps are across France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the northern Balkan Peninsula.

5) The Pyrenees are located where?
The Pyrenees are located near France, Spain, and Portugal.

6) Where does the Danube flow?
The Danube flows through the heart of Europe from west to east, touching 9 countries and links Europeans to the Black Sea.

7) How are rivers used in Europe?
The rivers are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland region, aiding economic growth.

8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The most important plain in Europe is the Northern European Plain.

9) Why is it important?
It's one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world. Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable agricultural land that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries.

10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
An advantage of landforms is agricultural and a disadvantage of these landforms are an easy advantage for invaders to allow armies to invade Europe.

11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Europe has took their resources of oil and natural gas became a major source of petroleum for the world.

On the blank map that I will give you locate the following:

1) The Black Sea
2) The Mediterranean Sea
3) The Danube River
4) The Rhine
5) The Alps
6) The Pyrenees
7) The Northern European Plains