In the wake of that destructive war two goals emerged: to rebuild the nation's shattered economies and to prevent new conflict. Some people believed the best way to achieve both goals was to unify Europe.
Steps Toward Unity
The first step towards unification was an industrial alliance. France, Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries signed a treaty that gave control of their coal and steel resources to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
The next step came in 1957 with the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC), also called the Common Market. This alliance removed trade barriers, set common economic goals, and allowed people to live and work in any member country. Trade quadrupled between 1958 and 1968 (EEC).
EEC merged with the ECSC and became EC (European Community). In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty took effect, and the EU replaced the EC. EU included 27 member nations.
Issues Facing the EU Today
In 50 years, the EU has increased from 6 nations to 27. In time it will extend to 30 countries that presently have almost 560 million people.
Growing Pains
Many of the Eastern European nations that joined the EU had a Communist past; less experience with democracy. Such differences may create friction among the EU members. Some Europeans fear rising tensions if Turkey joins the EU. Turkey is Muslim nation, while other countries are Christian. Turkey also has a record of human rights abuses and of conflict with Greece.
Economics and Politics
The Maastricht Treaty set the goal of replacing national currencies with a single currency. Some Europeans had reservations about the euro. They feared losing control of economic factors, such as the ability of each country to set its own interest rates. Denmark and the U.K chose not to adopt the euro.
In 2002, work began on a new constitution. The changes created fears that the EU would become "super-nation" and replace individual nations. Netherlands and France rejected the constitution. EU leaders wrote the Lisbon Treaty to replace the failed constitution. The Lisbon Treaty contained many changes proposed for the constitution.
Monday, February 9, 2015
Thursday, February 5, 2015
Main Ideas pg. 316
1. What legacy did ancient Athens leave for modern governments?
The ability to become a democracy or independent.
2. What effect did the empires of Spain and Portugal have on the rest of the world?
Both Spain and Portugal established colonies in the Americas and elsewhere. Their empires spread Catholicism and the Spanish and Portuguese languages throughout the world.
3. Why does Spain have a conflict with the Basque people?
Spain has had an ongoing conflict with the Basque people. Spain granted the Basque region self-rule, but some Basques want complete independence and have used violence to fight for it.
4. How did the Reformation create new cultural divisions?
In the Reformation period many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches. Mutual hostility led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.
5. How did nationalism lead to conflicts?
Nationalism often causes groups to want their own countries, so it contributed to the rise of modern nation states.
6. For what artistic legacy are Germany and Austria famous?
Germany and Austria are famous for their artistic legacy of music.
7. Who were the Vikings, and what did they do?
Vikings were Norsemen that sailed long ships to coastal towns and conducted hit-and-run raids.
8. What geographic advantages helped Great Britain build its empires?
Great Britain's status as an island helped protect it. The British people had much experience as sailors. This helped them to build a strong navy and to develop overseas trade.
9. Why did independent nation-states develop later in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe?
Eastern Europeans needed to overcome old hatreds and work together. They also needed to accept democratic ideas such as the rule of law-which means that government officials must obey the law.
10. What problems existed in the Eastern European economy under Communist rule?
Government officials didn't have to follow the law. Noble men had more rights than a non-noblemen.
The ability to become a democracy or independent.
2. What effect did the empires of Spain and Portugal have on the rest of the world?
Both Spain and Portugal established colonies in the Americas and elsewhere. Their empires spread Catholicism and the Spanish and Portuguese languages throughout the world.
3. Why does Spain have a conflict with the Basque people?
Spain has had an ongoing conflict with the Basque people. Spain granted the Basque region self-rule, but some Basques want complete independence and have used violence to fight for it.
4. How did the Reformation create new cultural divisions?
In the Reformation period many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches. Mutual hostility led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.
5. How did nationalism lead to conflicts?
Nationalism often causes groups to want their own countries, so it contributed to the rise of modern nation states.
6. For what artistic legacy are Germany and Austria famous?
Germany and Austria are famous for their artistic legacy of music.
7. Who were the Vikings, and what did they do?
Vikings were Norsemen that sailed long ships to coastal towns and conducted hit-and-run raids.
8. What geographic advantages helped Great Britain build its empires?
Great Britain's status as an island helped protect it. The British people had much experience as sailors. This helped them to build a strong navy and to develop overseas trade.
9. Why did independent nation-states develop later in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe?
Eastern Europeans needed to overcome old hatreds and work together. They also needed to accept democratic ideas such as the rule of law-which means that government officials must obey the law.
10. What problems existed in the Eastern European economy under Communist rule?
Government officials didn't have to follow the law. Noble men had more rights than a non-noblemen.
Monday, February 2, 2015
Review Questions for Chapter 13 Section 3
Review Question - possible quiz questions
1) Where did the industrial Revolution begin and to where did it spread?
Began in the 1800s, spread from Britain to other countries, especially Belgium, France, Germany, and the US.
2) What are some characteristics of governments in Northern Europe?
Representative Government. Plarliament is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed. Over the centuries, English rulers lost power to the English Parliament, so a more representative government evolved.
3) How did conquest influence the languages spoken in Northern Europe?
France speaks French, Germany speaks Germanic, and
4) How did the industrial Revolution spur the growth of the British Empire?
Deposits of ore and coal helped Britain to be the first nation to industrialize; the growth of industry motivated Britain's empire building.
5) How did the Reformation affect Northern Europe?
The Reformation, which began in nearby Germany in the late 1500s, swept through Northern Europe; people speaking different languages in different places.
6) Who are some important writers from Northern Europe?
Henrik Isben is the king of modern drama.
7) What Northern European country did not join the EU? Why?
Norway, because they were very popular; getting a lot of tourism and exports and inports, they felt if they joined the EU it would hurt their economy.
8) What was the Magna Carta? Why is it important?
A treaty that was forced signed from the king stating that noble men get more rights and hold absolute power. It's important because it sparked the start of human rights.
9) What are the countries of Northern Europe?
Iceland, Denamrk, Norway, Sewden, Finland, Estonia, Lativa, Lithuania, U.K., and Ireland.
1) Where did the industrial Revolution begin and to where did it spread?
Began in the 1800s, spread from Britain to other countries, especially Belgium, France, Germany, and the US.
2) What are some characteristics of governments in Northern Europe?
Representative Government. Plarliament is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed. Over the centuries, English rulers lost power to the English Parliament, so a more representative government evolved.
3) How did conquest influence the languages spoken in Northern Europe?
France speaks French, Germany speaks Germanic, and
4) How did the industrial Revolution spur the growth of the British Empire?
Deposits of ore and coal helped Britain to be the first nation to industrialize; the growth of industry motivated Britain's empire building.
5) How did the Reformation affect Northern Europe?
The Reformation, which began in nearby Germany in the late 1500s, swept through Northern Europe; people speaking different languages in different places.
6) Who are some important writers from Northern Europe?
Henrik Isben is the king of modern drama.
7) What Northern European country did not join the EU? Why?
Norway, because they were very popular; getting a lot of tourism and exports and inports, they felt if they joined the EU it would hurt their economy.
8) What was the Magna Carta? Why is it important?
A treaty that was forced signed from the king stating that noble men get more rights and hold absolute power. It's important because it sparked the start of human rights.
9) What are the countries of Northern Europe?
Iceland, Denamrk, Norway, Sewden, Finland, Estonia, Lativa, Lithuania, U.K., and Ireland.
Wednesday, January 28, 2015
Review Questions
1) What did you learn about EU countries in this section?
That France and Germany were the leaders that started establishing movement towards an EU.
2) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
Language and religion shaped Western Europe giving it a distinct identity. Germany and Austria are famous for music. France and the Netherlands have had many important painters.
3) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
Charlemagne, Napoleon, and Adolf Hitler.
4) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
Western Europe has been rich in agriculture, and in the 1800s, it was one of the first regions to industrialize. The region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.
5) What was the Reformation?
A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.
6) What was the Holocaust?
A program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities.
7) What was the Berlin Wall?
Berlin Wall that was a wall located in East Germany divided cut by two by the wall.
8) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europe?
Cities are interesting and pleasant places to live. Cities also have lower crime rate or no crime rate at all. Europeans receive more paid vacation time then the U.S. Europeans live in smaller homes than Americans do.
Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
1) Europeans live in smaller homes, because of law
2) Europeans received more paid vacation time than Americans.
3) France and Germany were leaders in the movement toward establishing the EU.
One question: How does the economic strength of a nation affect its willingness to welcome immigrants?
That France and Germany were the leaders that started establishing movement towards an EU.
2) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
Language and religion shaped Western Europe giving it a distinct identity. Germany and Austria are famous for music. France and the Netherlands have had many important painters.
3) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
Charlemagne, Napoleon, and Adolf Hitler.
4) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
Western Europe has been rich in agriculture, and in the 1800s, it was one of the first regions to industrialize. The region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.
5) What was the Reformation?
A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart.
6) What was the Holocaust?
A program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities.
7) What was the Berlin Wall?
Berlin Wall that was a wall located in East Germany divided cut by two by the wall.
8) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europe?
Cities are interesting and pleasant places to live. Cities also have lower crime rate or no crime rate at all. Europeans receive more paid vacation time then the U.S. Europeans live in smaller homes than Americans do.
Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
1) Europeans live in smaller homes, because of law
2) Europeans received more paid vacation time than Americans.
3) France and Germany were leaders in the movement toward establishing the EU.
One question: How does the economic strength of a nation affect its willingness to welcome immigrants?
Chapter 13 Section 2 Western Europe Outline
WESTERN EUROPE
I. A History of Cultural Divisions
France and Germany are the dominant countries of Western Europe (largest, have best access to resources, ports and trade routes). Other countries include Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Monaco.
A. Rome to Charlemagne
a. Roman Empire had conquered the Celtic tribes in France by 50 B.C.E.
b. French is one of the Romance languages evolved from Latin
c. In the late 700s Charlemagne, a Germanic king, conquered most of the region
d. his empire fell apart after his death
B. The Reformation
a. The Reformation was a religious movement during the Renaissance when people questioned the church.
b. Martin Luther published the 95 statements, 1517, that criticized the practices.
c. Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
d. Hosillty between the two led to religious wars that tore Europe apart.
e. France is primality Catholic and Germany is primality Protestant.
II. The Rise of Nation-States
Between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, a period known as the Middle Ages, Europeans developed the nation-states, an independent group of people with a common culture.
C. Nationalism
a. Fedualism gradually developed in Europe
b. Land was given to nobles in exchange for military service by those nobles.
c. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation.
d. Nationalism often caused groups to want their own countries
e. Industrialism caused European nations to set up colonies in other lands in order to gain raw materials and markets.
D. Modern Conflicts
a. the nationalistic rivalry and competition for colonies among European nations helped cause WWI.
b. The Allied Powers won and imposed harsh terms on Germany; resentment over those terms helped cause WWII.
c. Nazis carried out the Holocaust a mass murder of European Jews
d. 1989, anti-communist reforms swept Europe, and in response to protests, East Germany opened the Berlin Wall.
e. France and Germany were leaders in the movement of establishing the EU.
III. Economics: Diversity and Luxury
Region's economy remains strong because it includes agriculture and manufacturing, plus high-tech and service industries.
E. Agriculture to High-tech
a. Dairy farming and livestock provide most of the agricultural income in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
b. These countries produce and export dairy products; France is the largest producer of agricultural products in Western Europe.
c. Western Europe was a leader in developing industry because it was rich in coal and iron ore.
d. Switzerland is considered the safest place to put your money, because Switzerland does not fight in wars.
F. Tourism and Luxury
a. Western Europe is poplar with Tourism
b. France is famous for its high-fashion clothing and gourmet food.
c. The Netherlands exports high-quality flower bulbs, such as colorful tulips.
IV. Great Music and Art
G. Music
a. Germany and Austria are famous for music.
b. Bach wrote music for church services; was German
c. Beethoven wrote music even after going deaf.
H. Painting
a. Jan Van Eyck was a painter from Flanders, who perfected techniques for using oil paintings.
V. Modern Life
I. City Life
a. pleasant city; no crime; or lower crime
b. Europeans receive more vacation time than Americans.
J. Recent Conflicts
a. immigration a source of conflict.
b. Joerg Haider made controversial remarks that defended former Nazis and that i immigrants found insulting.
|
Summary: Western Europe has been going through a lot
of recent and modern conflicts concerning Nazis
|
|
And immigrants. Nationalism was born
in Western Europe along with feudalism. Reformation happened
|
|
it was when Christians broke away
from the Catholic Church and started Protestants. France and Germany
|
|
were the leaders in establishing the
EU. Holocaust was the mass murder of European Jews. Agriculture
|
|
and high-tech produce helped the
region and grew throughout the years. Music and painting are famous in
|
|
Western Europe and most famous
people have been there or started there. European cities are pleasant
|
|
and there is either no crime rate or
lower crime rate than the U.S.
|
Thursday, January 22, 2015
Chapter 12 Review Questions Main Ideas
1. How do the mountain ranges of Europe impact the lives of the people who live near them?
The mountains are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make it diffcult for people and for trade. These landforms also affect climate.
2. Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its geography?
Europe has a network of rivers that bring people and goods together. These rivers used to transport goods between coastal harbors and inland region, aiding economic growth.
3. Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Oil and natural gas are found beneath the North Sea floor. Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark pump oil from rigs as far as 400 miles out in the ocean.
4. How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe? Explain which part of Europe is most affected? The prevailing westerlies, which blow west to east, pick up warmth from the North Atlantic Drift and carry it over Europe.
5. In which climate area of Europe would you find citrus fruits growing? Explain why.
Sunny Mediterranean climate in Europe; you will find fruits growing, because of the rainfall that occurs there along with wind and perfect sunshine.
6. What types of vegetation are found in the northernmost region of the Scandinavian Peninsula? Mixed forests and farmland can be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula.
7. Why did the Dutch build seaworks?
The seaworks are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life. These seaworks include dikes and high earthen plaforms called terpen. The dikes hole back the sea, while the terpen provide places to go for safety during floods and high tides.
8. In what ways have the people of the Netherlands changed the physical geography of their land? A broad waterway called the Grand Canal flows between San Marco and Rialto. Since people started building in the Nertherlands, most of their islands are starting to sink due to construction.
9. What kinds of pollutants are found in the Venice canals?
Severe water pollution threatens Venice along with industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater are combining to eat away the foundations of buildings and damage the buildings themselves. Erosion has allowed increased amounts of seawater into the lagoon. Floods have occured because of this.
10. Why were forests chopped down in Europe? The chopped forests are being used to help burn fossil fuels and help with industrailion for the country.
The mountains are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make it diffcult for people and for trade. These landforms also affect climate.
2. Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its geography?
Europe has a network of rivers that bring people and goods together. These rivers used to transport goods between coastal harbors and inland region, aiding economic growth.
3. Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Oil and natural gas are found beneath the North Sea floor. Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark pump oil from rigs as far as 400 miles out in the ocean.
4. How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe? Explain which part of Europe is most affected? The prevailing westerlies, which blow west to east, pick up warmth from the North Atlantic Drift and carry it over Europe.
5. In which climate area of Europe would you find citrus fruits growing? Explain why.
Sunny Mediterranean climate in Europe; you will find fruits growing, because of the rainfall that occurs there along with wind and perfect sunshine.
6. What types of vegetation are found in the northernmost region of the Scandinavian Peninsula? Mixed forests and farmland can be found in the Scandinavian Peninsula.
7. Why did the Dutch build seaworks?
The seaworks are used to control the sea's destructive impact on human life. These seaworks include dikes and high earthen plaforms called terpen. The dikes hole back the sea, while the terpen provide places to go for safety during floods and high tides.
8. In what ways have the people of the Netherlands changed the physical geography of their land? A broad waterway called the Grand Canal flows between San Marco and Rialto. Since people started building in the Nertherlands, most of their islands are starting to sink due to construction.
9. What kinds of pollutants are found in the Venice canals?
Severe water pollution threatens Venice along with industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater are combining to eat away the foundations of buildings and damage the buildings themselves. Erosion has allowed increased amounts of seawater into the lagoon. Floods have occured because of this.
10. Why were forests chopped down in Europe? The chopped forests are being used to help burn fossil fuels and help with industrailion for the country.
Monday, January 19, 2015
Bordeaux, France
1) Discuss it's location, place, region.
Bordeaux is located 44° 50' N, 0° 34' W.
It can be found France which is located in Europe.
2) Human-Environment interaction.
France has forest damage caused by acid rain and comes in form of precipitation, and it contains dissolved sulfuric and nitric acids. Many of these acids come from burning fossil fuels, such as coal in power plants. France has the most nuclear power plants in the world. Next, there is a lot of pollution from cars and other industrial plants. These types of things may be causing global warning and France is helping contribute. 33% of land in Bordeaux, France is farmland 27% is unchanged forest and woodlands.
3) Find two photos of it.
4) Find one map that shows where it is located.
5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
1) The old city used to be called "sleeping beauty" because pollution turned all the walls black.
2) Many of the museums in Bordeaux display artifacts from WWII
3) Male inhabitants are called Bordelais and female inhabitants are called Bordelaise
Cited Resources:
www.udrive.com.au
www.digitalshowcase.dpsk12.org
www.worldatlas.com
Bordeaux is located 44° 50' N, 0° 34' W.
It can be found France which is located in Europe.
2) Human-Environment interaction.
France has forest damage caused by acid rain and comes in form of precipitation, and it contains dissolved sulfuric and nitric acids. Many of these acids come from burning fossil fuels, such as coal in power plants. France has the most nuclear power plants in the world. Next, there is a lot of pollution from cars and other industrial plants. These types of things may be causing global warning and France is helping contribute. 33% of land in Bordeaux, France is farmland 27% is unchanged forest and woodlands.
3) Find two photos of it.
4) Find one map that shows where it is located.
5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
1) The old city used to be called "sleeping beauty" because pollution turned all the walls black.
2) Many of the museums in Bordeaux display artifacts from WWII
3) Male inhabitants are called Bordelais and female inhabitants are called Bordelaise
Cited Resources:
www.udrive.com.au
www.digitalshowcase.dpsk12.org
www.worldatlas.com
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
Review Questions for Chapter 12 section 1
1) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula of peninsulas"?
Europe is a large peninsula stretching to the west if Asia; Europe itself has many smaller peninsulas, so it is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas".
2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic? In the Mediterranean Sea?
Scandinavian and Jutland peninsulas are located in the North Atlantic; Italian and Balkan peninsulas are located in the Mediterranean Sea.
3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
Mountains and uplands are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make trade of goods and ideas rather difficult. There landforms also affect climate.
4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
The Alps are across France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the northern Balkan Peninsula.
5) The Pyrenees are located where?
The Pyrenees are located near France, Spain, and Portugal.
6) Where does the Danube flow?
The Danube flows through the heart of Europe from west to east, touching 9 countries and links Europeans to the Black Sea.
7) How are rivers used in Europe?
The rivers are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland region, aiding economic growth.
8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The most important plain in Europe is the Northern European Plain.
9) Why is it important?
It's one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world. Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable agricultural land that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries.
10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
An advantage of landforms is agricultural and a disadvantage of these landforms are an easy advantage for invaders to allow armies to invade Europe.
11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Europe has took their resources of oil and natural gas became a major source of petroleum for the world.
On the blank map that I will give you locate the following:
1) The Black Sea
2) The Mediterranean Sea
3) The Danube River
4) The Rhine
5) The Alps
6) The Pyrenees
7) The Northern European Plains
Europe is a large peninsula stretching to the west if Asia; Europe itself has many smaller peninsulas, so it is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas".
2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic? In the Mediterranean Sea?
Scandinavian and Jutland peninsulas are located in the North Atlantic; Italian and Balkan peninsulas are located in the Mediterranean Sea.
3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
Mountains and uplands are viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. They make trade of goods and ideas rather difficult. There landforms also affect climate.
4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
The Alps are across France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the northern Balkan Peninsula.
5) The Pyrenees are located where?
The Pyrenees are located near France, Spain, and Portugal.
6) Where does the Danube flow?
The Danube flows through the heart of Europe from west to east, touching 9 countries and links Europeans to the Black Sea.
7) How are rivers used in Europe?
The rivers are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland region, aiding economic growth.
8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The most important plain in Europe is the Northern European Plain.
9) Why is it important?
It's one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world. Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable agricultural land that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries.
10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
An advantage of landforms is agricultural and a disadvantage of these landforms are an easy advantage for invaders to allow armies to invade Europe.
11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Europe has took their resources of oil and natural gas became a major source of petroleum for the world.
On the blank map that I will give you locate the following:
1) The Black Sea
2) The Mediterranean Sea
3) The Danube River
4) The Rhine
5) The Alps
6) The Pyrenees
7) The Northern European Plains
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