Chapter 2:
Terms:
Continent-one of the main landmasses of the globe
Atmosphere-the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the air.
Solar System-the sun together with all the planets and other bodies that revolve around it.
Core-the central, innermost, or most essential part of anything.
Mantle-thick, between the crust and the core.
Magma-molten material beneath or within the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed.
Crust-the outer layer of earth
Lithosphere-the solid portion of earth
Hydrosphere-the water portion of earth
Biosphere-every living thing on earth portion
Continental drift-continents drift away from each other or join others
Hydrologic cycle-the natural sequence through which water passes into the atmosphere as water vapor, precipitates to earth in liquid or solid form, and ultimately returns to the atmosphere through evaporation.
Drainage basin-the area drained by a river and all its tributaries.
Ground water-the water beneath the surface of the ground, consisting largely of surface water that has seeped down: the source of water in springs and well
Water table-the planar, underground surface beneath which earth materials, as soil or rock, are saturated with water.
Topography-the detailed mapping or charting of the features of a relatively small area, district, or locality.
Questions to be able to answer:
How many continents are there? 7 Can you name them? Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Antarctica
How did the continents formed? Tectonic plates
What are the three basic parts of the earth's interior? crust, magma, and mantle
What are the four basic spheres found on or above the earth? hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere
What percent of the earth is covered by the ocean(s).97%
How many oceans are there? 5 Can you name them?Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern Ocean
How do the winds and the ocean distribute heat on the earth's surface?when the winds eventually blow over the land, they moderate the temperature of the air over the land.
How are islands formed? a volcano pushes through plates to create islands
How does water circulate? Currents move the ocean water
Chapter 3:
Terms
hurricane-a violent, tropical, cyclonic storm
typhoon-tropical cyclone or hurricane
tornado-violently destructive windstorm occurring over land
rain shadow-region in the lee of mountains that receives less rainfall than the region windward of the mountains
drought-period of dry weather, especially a long one that is injurious to crops.
solistice-two times a year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator
equinox-time when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator
weather-state of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, pressure, etc.
climate-composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year
precipitation-the amount of rain, snow, hail, etc.
El Nino-warm ocean current of variable intensity that develops after late December along the coast of Ecuador and Peru and sometimes causes catastrophic weather conditions.
Greenhouse Effect-global warning
convection-vertical transport of atmospheric properties, especially upward
Questions to be able to answer:
How does the earth's revolution and tilt affect the seasons? different parts of the earth recieve the direct rays of the sun for more hours in a day at certain times in the year; this causes the changing seasons on the earth.
What is the difference between weather and climate? weather is sunny or cloudy and climate is raining or snowing
What are some examples of extreme weather? blizzards and droughts
What causes the weather? temperature
What are examples of forces that produce climate changes? volcanos and typhoons
What are factors that effect climate? temperature, elevation
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